In this way, S is reinterpreted as a projection of I(NFL) S' is reinterpreted as a projection of C(OMP). Functional categories like I ( INFL) and C ( COMP) are also considered to be values of X. The X-bar system can be extended to clausal structures. Thus, it becomes possible to characterize natural classes of syntactic categories. EXAMPLE: the two categories that can appear with an NP complement in English, Verbs and Prepositions, can now be referred to with the single feature. This notation allows crosscategorical reference to sets of categories. These categories can be characterized as follows in terms of the features (substantive) and (predicative): The value of X ranges over at least the categories N, A, V, P, the so-called lexical categories (see lexical category). This condition excludes the possibility of endless projection loops, i.e. Except for the possibilities of iteration, projections In case of adjunction, the maximal projection XP can The intermediate projection X' between the head and the They can appear both on the left and on the right hand side Principles of licensing ( theta-theory, case theory). Structurally optional, their presence being determined by All other elements within the XP besides the head are Whether the X-max node always has two bars. There is one maximal projection, or X-max, corresponding Each phrase XP has one unique, structurally obligatory The structure in (ii) embodies the following assumptions about the internal structure of constituents: The sister(s) of X are called the complements of the head), and the sister(s) of X' is/are the specifier(s) (of the phrase). All other projections between the head and the maximal projection are called intermediate projections. The topnode X'' (or XP) is called the maximal projection of X. The head is called the zero projection (also written as X 0). Thus, X' is pronounced X-bar X'', X-double-bar etc. Typographically, these projections are marked by one or more primes (X' and X''), called bars. In (ii), X is called the head of the phrase. These structural properties are conventionally represented as in (ii). The structures in (i) have in common that the head (noun, verb, adjective, or preposition) has an element to its right, which can be construed as its complement. Its main tenet is that all phrase structure (hence the X) can be reduced to recursive specifier- head configurations. X-bar theory captures the insight that all phrases share some essential structural properties. It is a theory about the internal structure of syntactic constituents which was originally intended to place constraints on the power of phrase structure rules. X-bar theory is a generative theory of language conceived by Noam A.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |